The link between cognition and somatic conditions related to insulin resistance in the UK Biobank study cohort: a systematic review.

Valérie Bertaina-Anglade, Janita Bralten, Chiara Fabbri, Søren Dalsgaard, Theresa Wimberley, Stephanie J B Vos, Willemijn J Jansen, Veerle van Gils, Geert Poelmans, Barbara Franke, Csaba Barta, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Giulia Testa, Lucía Camacho-Barcia, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Mònica Bulló, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Nina Roth Mota, Giuseppe Fanelli, Alessandro Serretti

Journal: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2022;143():104927

PMID: 36367493

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Abstract

Clinical and genomic studies have shown an overlap between neuropsychiatric disorders and insulin resistance (IR)-related somatic conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Impaired cognition is often observed among neuropsychiatric disorders, where multiple cognitive domains may be affected. In this review, we aimed to summarise previous evidence on the relationship between IR-related diseases/traits and cognitive performance in the large UK Biobank study cohort. Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until April 2022. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively reviewed. Overall, there is substantial evidence for an association between IR-related cardio-metabolic diseases/traits and worse performance on various cognitive domains, which is largely independent of possible confoundings. The most consistent findings referred to IR-related associations with poorer verbal and numerical reasoning ability, as well as slower processing speed. The observed associations might be mediated by alterations in immune-inflammation, brain integrity/connectivity, and/or comorbid somatic or psychiatric diseases/traits. Our findings provide impetus for further research into the underlying neurobiology and possible new therapeutic targets.

Address: Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.; Biotrial Neurosciences, Rennes, France.; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and NeuroScience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.; National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region, Glostrup, Denmark.; Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104927