The Role of Astaxanthin as a Nutraceutical in Health and Age-Related Conditions.

Geir Bjørklund, Amin Gasmi, Roman Lysiuk, Mariia Shanaida, Massimiliano Peana, Sadaf Noor, Salva Piscopo, Larysa Lenchyk, Halyna Antonyak, Saba Zafar, Pavan Kumar Mujawdiya, Muhammad Akram, Kateryna Smetanina, Taras Upyr

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2022;27(21):7167

PMID: 36363994

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Abstract

The current review provides an up-to-date analysis of scientific data on astaxanthin (ASX) sources and experimental studies on its health benefits as a potent antioxidant in the aging process. ASX is a liposoluble carotenoid nutrient and reddish-orange pigment, naturally synthesized by numerous microalgae, yeasts, and bacteria as secondary metabolites. Provides a reddish hue to redfish and shellfish flesh that feed on ASX-producing microorganisms. The microalga is the most important source for its industrial bioproduction. Due to its strong antioxidant properties, numerous investigations reported that natural ASX is a more significant antioxidant agent than other antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene. Furthermore, several data show that ASX possesses important nutraceutical applications and health benefits, especially in healthy aging processes. However, further studies are needed for a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms through which ASX could lead to its effective role in the healthy aging process, such as supporting brain health and skin homeostasis. This review highlights the current investigations on the effective role of ASX in oxidative stress, aging mechanisms, skin physiology, and central nervous system functioning, and shows the potential clinical implications related to its consumption.

Address: Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.; Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.; Institute for Advanced Training of Pharmacy Specialist, National University of Pharmacy, 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine.; CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.; Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine.; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan.; Inochi Care Private Limited, Main Market, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi 110017, India.; Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.; CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.; Department of Ecology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.; Medicine, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.; Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine.; Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.; Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217167

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MeSH Terms: Antioxidants, Xanthophylls, Dietary Supplements, beta Carotene