A review of the impact of energy balance on triple-negative breast cancer.

Ngozi D Akingbesote, Dennis Owusu, Ryan Liu, Brenda Cartmel, Leah M Ferrucci, Michelle Zupa, Maryam B Lustberg, Tara Sanft, Kim R M Blenman, Melinda L Irwin, Rachel J Perry

Journal: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs 2023;2023(61):104-124

PMID: 37139977

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Abstract

Cancer cells cannot proliferate without sufficient energy to generate biomass for rapid cell division, as well as to fuel their functions at baseline. For this reason, many recent observational and interventional studies have focused on increasing energy expenditure and/or reducing energy intake during and after cancer treatment. The impact of variance in diet composition and in exercise on cancer outcomes has been detailed extensively elsewhere and is not the primary focus of this review. Instead, in this translational, narrative review we examine studies of how energy balance impacts anticancer immune activation and outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We discuss preclinical, clinical observational, and the few clinical interventional studies on energy balance in TNBC. We advocate for the implementation of clinical studies to examine how optimizing energy balance-through changes in diet and/or exercise-may optimize the response to immunotherapy in people with TNBC. It is our conviction that by taking a holistic approach that includes energy balance as a key factor to be considered during and after treatment, cancer care may be optimized, and the detrimental effects of cancer treatment and recovery on overall health may be minimized.

Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana.; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Cedar Park High School, Cedar Park, TX, USA.; Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.; Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.

DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad011

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Immunotherapy, Energy Metabolism