Profiling the dysregulated immune response in sepsis: overcoming challenges to achieve the goal of precision medicine.

Address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.; Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei hospital, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.; Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.; Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.; St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.; Department of Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.; Pulmonology Department. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Ciberes, IDIBAPS, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.; Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E Herriot - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Hôpital E Herriot, Lyon, France.; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.; Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria.; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E Herriot - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supeérieure de Lyon, Universiteé Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Electronic address: [email protected].