Methods for the identification and characterization of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular studies: from exosomes to microvesicles.

Address: The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK.; Université Paris Cité, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM, Paris, France.; Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.; Cardiovascular Science Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau-IIBSantPau, CiberCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Molecular Imaging and NanoBioTechnology, UMR-5248-CBMN, CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Bat. B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France.; Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, HCEMM-SU and ELKH-SE Immune Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.; Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France.; Department of Haematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France.; Institute of Medical Biology and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK.; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center and Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany.; CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.