Cyanotoxins, biosynthetic gene clusters, and factors modulating cyanotoxin biosynthesis.

Fahim Bashir, Arif Bashir, Noureddine Bouaïcha, Liang Chen, Geoffrey A Codd, Brett Neilan, Wen-Li Xu, Laila Ziko, Vishnu D Rajput, Tatiana Minkina, Renan Silva Arruda, Bashir Ahmad Ganai

Journal: World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 2023;39(9):241

PMID: 37394567

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Abstract

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a global environmental concern that encompasses public health issues, water availability, and water quality owing to the production of various secondary metabolites (SMs), including cyanotoxins in freshwater, brackish water, and marine ecosystems. The frequency, extent, magnitude, and duration of CHABs are increasing globally. Cyanobacterial species traits and changing environmental conditions, including anthropogenic pressure, eutrophication, and global climate change, together allow cyanobacteria to thrive. The cyanotoxins include a diverse range of low molecular weight compounds with varying biochemical properties and modes of action. With the application of modern molecular biology techniques, many important aspects of cyanobacteria are being elucidated, including aspects of their diversity, gene-environment interactions, and genes that express cyanotoxins. The toxicological, environmental, and economic impacts of CHABs strongly advocate the need for continuing, extensive efforts to monitor cyanobacterial growth and to understand the mechanisms regulating species composition and cyanotoxin biosynthesis. In this review, we critically examined the genomic organization of some cyanobacterial species that lead to the production of cyanotoxins and their characteristic properties discovered to date.

Address: Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Government College for Women, Nawa-Kadal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.; Laboratory Ecology, Systematic, and Evolution, UMR 8079 Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. [email protected].; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science (SEES), Yunnan University (YNU), 650500, Kunming, China. [email protected].; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China. [email protected].; State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China. [email protected].; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430072, China.; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.; Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.; Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia.; Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Center of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India. [email protected].

DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03652-x

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MeSH Terms: Cyanobacteria Toxins, Marine Toxins, Ecosystem, Fresh Water, Cyanobacteria, Multigene Family, Microcystins