Body mass index and nutritional intake following Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor modulator therapy in adults with cystic fibrosis.

L R Caley, H H Jarosz-Griffiths, L Smith, L Gale, J Barrett, L Kinsey, V Davey, M Nash, A M Jones, J L Whitehouse, D Shimmin, R A Floto, H White, D G Peckham

Journal: Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society 2023;22(6):1002-1009

PMID: 37422432

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) modulator therapy is often associated with increased body mass index (BMI) in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). This is thought to reflect improved clinical stability and increased appetite and nutritional intake. We explored the change in BMI and nutritional intake following ETI modulator therapy in adults with CF.

METHODS

Dietary intake, measured with myfood24®, and BMI were collected from adults with CF at baseline and follow-up as part of an observational study. Changes in BMI and nutritional intake in participants who commenced ETI therapy between time points were assessed. To contextualize findings, we also assessed changes in BMI and nutritional intake between study points in a group on no modulators.

RESULTS

In the pre and post ETI threapy group (n = 40), BMI significantly increased from 23.0 kg/m (IQR 21.4, 25.3) at baseline to 24.6 kg/m (IQR 23.0, 26.7) at follow-up (p<0.001), with a median of 68 weeks between time points (range 20-94 weeks) and median duration of ETI therapy was 23 weeks (range 7-72 weeks). There was a significant decrease in energy intake from 2551 kcal/day (IQR 2107, 3115) to 2153 kcal/day (IQR 1648, 2606), p<0.001. In the no modulator group (n = 10), BMI and energy intake did not significantly change between time points (p>0.05), a median of 28 weeks apart (range 20-76 weeks).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings tentatively suggest that the increase in BMI with ETI therapy may not simply be attributable to an increase in oral intake. Further exploration into the underlying aetiology of weight gain with ETI therapy is needed.

Address: Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: [email protected].; Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, UK.; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK.; Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.; West Midlands Regional Adult CF Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.; Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.; Dietetic Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.; North East Essex Community Services, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, UK.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.; Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Leeds Beckett University, Nutrition, Health & Environment, Leeds, UK.; Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.06.010

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MeSH Terms: Adult, Humans, Body Mass Index, Cystic Fibrosis, Eating, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Mutation, Benzodioxoles, Aminophenols