The moderating role of macronutrient intake in relation to body composition and genotoxicity: A study with gym users.

Diene da Silva Schlickmann, Patrícia Molz, Gabriela Cristina Uebel, Caroline Santos, Caroline Brand, Renato Alberto Weber Colombelli, Thalia Gama da Silva, Juliana Priebe Steffens, Eduarda da Silva Limberger Castilhos, Pedro J Benito, Alexandre Rieger, Silvia Isabel Rech Franke

Journal: Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis 2023;890():503660

PMID: 37567647

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Abstract

In a cross-sectional study of gymnasium users (both sexes, ages = 41.9 ± 14.8 years), we examined the moderating role of macronutrient intake in relation to body composition and genotoxicity. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate characteristics of the participants. To assess macronutrient consumption, we used 24-h food recalls on three non-consecutive days. Body composition (body fat percentage and muscle mass) was evaluated with a bioimpedance scale. Genotoxicity was assessed with the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Multiple linear regression models were applied, adjusting for age; sex; tobacco and alcohol consumption; and (with regard to exercise habits) frequency, training time, intensity, and types. Micronucleus frequency was directly associated with body fat and inversely associated with muscle mass. Our study shows that carbohydrate and fat intakes affect body fat percentage and micronucleus frequency in gymnasium users.

Address: Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil.; Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil.; Course of Biomedicine, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil.; IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile.; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil.; LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.; Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil.; Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul. Department of Health Science, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Health Science, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503660

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MeSH Terms: Male, Female, Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fitness Centers, Body Mass Index, Eating, Body Composition, Exercise