Oral microbiota in human health and disease: A perspective.

Luigi Santacroce, Pier Carmine Passarelli, Domenico Azzolino, Lucrezia Bottalico, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Angela Pia Cazzolla, Marica Colella, Skender Topi, Franklin Garcia Godoy, Antonio D'Addona

Journal: Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 2023;248(15):1288-1301

PMID: 37688509

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Abstract

The evolution of medical knowledge about oral microbiota has increased awareness of its important role for the entire human body health. A wide range of microbial species colonizing the oral cavity interact both with each other and with their host through complex pathways. Usually, these interactions lead to a harmonious coexistence (i.e. eubiosis). However, several factors - including diet, poor oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, and certain medications, among others - can disrupt this weak homeostatic balance (i.e. dysbiosis) with potential implications on both oral (i.e. development of caries and periodontal disease) and systemic health. This article is thus aimed at providing an overview on the importance of oral microbiota in mediating several physiological and pathological conditions affecting human health. In this context, strategies based on oral hygiene and diet as well as the role of probiotics supplementation are discussed.

Address: Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy.; Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.; Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.; Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan "A. Xhuvani," Elbasan 3001, Albania.; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy.; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy.; Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.; The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Department of Surgery, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.

DOI: 10.1177/15353702231187645

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Periodontal Diseases, Microbiota, Dysbiosis