Energetic responses of head-out water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequence on anaerobic mechanical power.

Marcelo Coertjens, Patricia Chaves Coertjens, Marcus Peikriszwili Tartaruga, Tatiane Gorski, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Lorival José Carminatti, Paulo Otto Beyer, Ana Paula Viola de Almeida, Jeam Marcel Geremia, Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga, Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel

Journal: European journal of applied physiology 2023;123(12):2813-2831

PMID: 37393218

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Abstract

PURPOSE

While exercise recovery may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance, a randomized and controlled crossover experimental design was performed with 21 trained cyclists.

METHOD

Participants were assigned to receive three passive recovery strategies during 10 min after a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT): control (CON: non-immersed condition), cold water immersion (CWI: 20 ℃), and hot water immersion (HWI: 40 ℃). Blood lactate, cardiorespiratory, and mechanical outcomes were measured during the WAnT and its recovery. Time constant (τ), asymptotic value, and area under the curve (AUC) were quantified for each physiologic parameter during recovery. After that, a second WAnT test and 10-min recovery were realized in the same session.

RESULTS

Regardless the water immersion temperature, water immersion increased [Formula: see text] (+ 18%), asymptote ([Formula: see text]+ 16%, [Formula: see text] + 13%, [Formula: see text] + 17%, HR + 16%) and AUC ([Formula: see text]+ 27%, [Formula: see text] + 18%, [Formula: see text] + 20%, HR + 25%), while decreased [Formula: see text] (- 33%). There was no influence of water immersion on blood lactate parameters. HWI improved the mean power output during the second WAnT (2.2%), while the CWI decreased 2.4% (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Independent of temperature, water immersion enhanced aerobic energy recovery without modifying blood lactate recovery. However, subsequent anaerobic performance was increased only during HWI and decreased during CWI. Despite higher than in other studies, 20 °C effectively triggered physiological and performance responses. Water immersion-induced physiological changes did not predict subsequent anaerobic performance.

Address: School of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil. [email protected].; Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil. [email protected].; Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [email protected].; School of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.; Laboratory of Biomechanics and Energetics of the Human Movement, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.; Laboratory of Exercise and Health, ETH Zürich-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.; The Human Performance Research Group, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.; Morpho-Functional Research Laboratory, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.; Laboratory of Steam and Refrigeration, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.; Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.; Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05265-6

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https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05265-6

MeSH Terms: Humans, Water, Temperature, Cold Temperature, Anaerobiosis, Immersion, Lactates