Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) are mediated by hormetic mechanisms.

Edward J Calabrese, Evgenios Agathokleous, Gaurav Dhawan, Rachna Kapoor, Vittorio Calabrese

Journal: Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 2023;177():113805

PMID: 37169059

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Abstract

The endogenous and dietary agent, alpha lipoic acid (ALA), is evaluated for its capacity to induce a broad spectrum of adaptive responses via hormetic dose responses and their underlying mechanisms. ALA was shown to induce hormetic effects in a wide range of experimental models within in vitro and in vivo experimental settings which included direct exposure and pre- and post-conditioning experimental protocols. The hormetic effects occur in a broad range of organ systems, including the brain, heart, kidney and other tissues, with possible public health and clinical/therapeutic applications linked to reducing the onset and progression of neurogenerative diseases and also in the preservation of sperm health and functionality during cryopreservation. This paper provides the first integrated assessment of ALA-induced hormetic dose responses. Underlying mechanisms that mediated the occurrence of ALA-induced hormetic effects involved the induction of low levels of ROS that activate key cell signaling antioxidant (e.g. Nrf2) pathways.

Address: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China. Electronic address: [email protected].; Stantec (ChemRisk), Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113805

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MeSH Terms: Male, Humans, Hormesis, Thioctic Acid, Semen, Heart, Brain