Photoacoustic imaging for microcirculation.

Shubham Mirg, Kevin L Turner, Haoyang Chen, Patrick J Drew, Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli

Journal: Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) 2022;29(6-7):e12776

PMID: 35793421

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Abstract

Microcirculation facilitates the blood-tissue exchange of nutrients and regulates blood perfusion. It is, therefore, essential in maintaining tissue health. Aberrations in microcirculation are potentially indicative of underlying cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies. Thus, quantitative information about it is of great clinical relevance. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a capable technique that relies on the generation of imaging contrast via the absorption of light and can image at micron-scale resolution. PAI is especially desirable to map microvasculature as hemoglobin strongly absorbs light and can generate a photoacoustic signal. This paper reviews the current state of the art for imaging microvascular networks using photoacoustic imaging. We further describe how quantitative information about blood dynamics such as the total hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and blood flow rate is obtained using PAI. We also discuss its importance in understanding key pathophysiological processes in neurovascular, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and cancer research fields. We then discuss the current challenges and limitations of PAI and the approaches that can help overcome these limitations. Finally, we provide the reader with an overview of future trends in the field of PAI for imaging microcirculation.

Address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.; Graduate Program in Acoustics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.

DOI: 10.1111/micc.12776

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MeSH Terms: Microcirculation, Photoacoustic Techniques, Diagnostic Imaging, Microvessels, Hemoglobins