Programmed and environmental determinants driving neonatal mucosal immune development.

Natalia Torow, Timothy W Hand, Mathias W Hornef

Journal: Immunity 2023;56(3):485-499

PMID: 36921575

Free Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

The mucosal immune system of neonates goes through successive, non-redundant phases that support the developmental needs of the infant and ultimately establish immune homeostasis. These phases are informed by environmental cues, including dietary and microbial stimuli, but also evolutionary developmental programming that functions independently of external stimuli. The immune response to exogenous stimuli is tightly regulated during early life; thresholds are set within this neonatal "window of opportunity" that govern how the immune system will respond to diet, the microbiota, and pathogenic microorganisms in the future. Thus, changes in early-life exposure, such as breastfeeding or environmental and microbial stimuli, influence immunological and metabolic homeostasis and the risk of developing diseases such as asthma/allergy and obesity.

Address: Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.; Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.013

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MeSH Terms: Infant, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immune System, Asthma, Mucous Membrane, Microbiota