Concomitant diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: case report and the review of literature.

Assunta Trinchillo, Antonio Luca Spiezia, Antonio Carotenuto, Enrico Tedeschi, Giuseppe Servillo, Carmine Iacovazzo, Francesco Borrelli, Giovanni Di Filippo, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Roberta Lanzillo

Journal: Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2023;44(7):2305-2309

PMID: 36930389

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

To date, few cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with concomitant Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection have been described. However, none of the previously described cases has been treated with Natalizumab, probably due to the increasing risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

CASE

We report the case of a patient concomitantly diagnosed for HIV infection and MS treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and Natalizumab for 19 months, without clinical or radiological MS activity.

CONCLUSIONS

Our case might suggest considering Natalizumab in patients with concomitant HIV infection, especially for those with significant disease activity requiring a high efficacy disease modifying treatment.

Address: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy. [email protected].; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.; Infectious Diseases Unit, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.

DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06727-7

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Natalizumab, Multiple Sclerosis, HIV Infections, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal, HIV, Immunologic Factors