Pediatric Magnet Ingestion, Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention: A European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Position Paper.

A A Nugud, Christos Tzivinikos, Amit Assa, Osvaldo Borrelli, Ilse Broekaert, Javier Martin-de-Carpi, Marco Deganello Saccomani, Jernej Dolinsek, M Homan, Emmanuel Mas, Erasmo Miele, Mike Thomson, Marc A Benninga

Journal: Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2023;76(4):523-532

PMID: 36947000

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Abstract

Magnet ingestion is a special category of foreign body ingestion associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly if it is associated with staggered ingestion of multiple magnets or with simultaneous ingestion of other metallic foreign bodies, especially button batteries. A special category of magnet ingestion is the ingestion of earth magnets, which have higher levels of magnetism and therefore, potentially, carries a worse outcome. Legislative bodies, scientific Societies and community-led initiatives have been implemented worldwide with the aim of mitigating the effects of this growing, yet avoidable potential medical emergency. A scoping literature review summarized epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention, including an algorithm for the diagnosis and management of magnet ingestion is presented and compared to previously published reviews and position papers (North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, National Poison Center, Royal College of Emergency Medicine). The main emphasis of the algorithm is on identification of staggered/multiple magnet ingestion, and early joint gastroenterology and surgical consultation and management.

Copyright © 2023 by European Society for European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.

Address: From the Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; The Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.; the Division of Neurogastroenterology & Motility, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.; the Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.; the Department of Paediatrics, Woman's & Child's University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.; the Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.; the Faculty of Medicine, University Children's Hospital, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.; Service de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, and IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.; the Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.; the Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003702

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MeSH Terms: Child, Humans, Eating, Foreign Bodies, Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Tract, Magnets, Societies, Scientific