Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children: Current Management, Controversies, and Advances.

Inna Novak, Lee M Bass

Journal: Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America 2023;33(2):401-421

PMID: 36948753

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in children has many causes, with its prevalence varying by age. Often presenting as hematemesis or melena, the initial treatment is stabilization of the patient, including protection of the airway, fluid resuscitation, and a transfusion hemoglobin threshold of 7 g/L. Endoscopy should be performed with the goal of using combinations of therapies to treat a bleeding lesion, generally involving epinephrine injection along with either cautery, hemoclips, or hemospray. This review discusses the diagnosis and treatment of variceal and non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding in children with a focus on current advances in the treatment of severe UGIB.

Address: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2022.11.003

Link outs

Subscription / membership required

Full Text Sources:

MeSH Terms: Humans, Child, Esophageal and Gastric Varices, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal, Prevalence