Modifiable risk factors for oral cavity cancer in non-smokers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Margaret A Heller, Sarah C Nyirjesy, Robert Balsiger, Nicholas Talbot, Kyle K VanKoevering, Catherine T Haring, Matthew O Old, Stephen Y Kang, Nolan B Seim

Journal: Oral oncology 2023;137():106300

PMID: 36638697

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is traditionally associated with smoking, but there is an increasing prevalence of the disease among non-smokers. This review investigates possible modifiable risk factors in the development of OCC in non-smokers (OCCNS).

METHODS

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for publications prior to June 2021. Comparative studies investigating modifiable OCCNS risk factors were identified following PRISMA guidelines. Publication date, population size, and results were indexed. Study quality was assessed using MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies). Factors examined by multiple studies were analyzed using random-effect meta-analysis framework.

RESULTS

Literature search resulted in 1,625 unique publications. 52 records met inclusion criterion, investigating alcohol (n = 22), chewing products (n = 18), diet (n = 7), dental health (n = 11), and medical comorbidities (n = 6).

CONCLUSION

This review demonstrates the paucity of large studies investigating OCCNS risk factors. Further investigation is warranted to help clinicians risk-stratify patients without traditional risk factors.

Address: Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.; Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106300

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Non-Smokers, Mouth Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Smoking