Pregnancy thiamine and riboflavin intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study.

Yanyan Ge, Shanshan Huang, Yan Li, Zhen Zhang, Man Kong, Ningning Cui, Le Tan, Shu Guo, Shanshan Wang, Can Luo, Liping Hao, Yuanjue Wu, Xuefeng Yang

Journal: The American journal of clinical nutrition 2023;117(2):426-435

PMID: 36811572

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Thiamine and riboflavin deficiencies exist to varying degrees worldwide, especially in developing countries. Evidence regarding the association between thiamine and riboflavin intake and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is scarce.

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to evaluate the association of thiamine and riboflavin intake during pregnancy, including dietary source and supplementation, with GDM risk in a prospective cohort study.

METHODS

We included 3036 pregnant women (923 in the first trimester and 2113 in the second trimester) from the Tongji Birth Cohort. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a lifestyle questionnaire were used to assess thiamine and riboflavin intake from dietary source and supplementation, respectively. GDM was diagnosed using the 75 g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. A modified Poisson regression or logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between thiamine and riboflavin intake and GDM risk.

RESULTS

Dietary intake of thiamine and riboflavin was at low levels during pregnancy. In the fully adjusted model, compared with participants in quartile 1 (Q1), those who had more total thiamine and riboflavin intake had a lower risk of GDM during the first trimester [thiamine: Q2: RR: 0.58 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.98); Q3: RR: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.84); Q4: RR: 0.35 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.72), P for trend = 0.002; riboflavin: Q2: RR: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.37, 1.09); Q3: RR: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.87); Q4: RR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.79), P for trend = 0.006]. This association was also observed during the second trimester. Similar results were observed for the association between thiamine and riboflavin supplement use but not dietary intake and GDM risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher intake of thiamine and riboflavin during pregnancy is associated with a lower incidence of GDM. This trial was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1800016908.

Address: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P.R. China.; The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P.R. China.; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, 511436, P.R. China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, P.R. China. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P.R. China. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.014

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MeSH Terms: Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Diabetes, Gestational, Logistic Models, Prospective Studies, Riboflavin, Risk Factors, Thiamine