The pleiotropic effects of high-density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A-I.

Shane R Thomas, Yunjia Zhang, Kerry-Anne Rye

Journal: Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2023;37(3):101689

PMID: 36008277

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

The high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of human plasma consists of multiple subpopulations of spherical particles that are structurally uniform, but heterogeneous in terms of size, composition and function. Numerous epidemiological studies have established that an elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. However, with several recent randomised clinical trials of HDL-C raising agents failing to reduce cardiovascular events, contemporary research is transitioning towards clinical development of the cardioprotective functions of HDLs and the identification of functions that can be exploited for treatment of other diseases. This review describes the origins of HDLs and the causes of their compositional and functional heterogeneity. It then summarises current knowledge of how cardioprotective and other functions of HDLs are regulated. The final section of the review summarises recent advances in the clinical development of HDL-targeted therapies.

Address: Cardiometabolic Disease Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].; Cardiometabolic Disease Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].; Cardiometabolic Disease Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101689

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL, Apolipoprotein A-I