The Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics in Oral Cancer Management.

Aalina Sakiinah Mohd Fuad, Nurul Aqilah Amran, Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin, Nor Aszlitah Burhanudin, Stuart Dashper, Mohd Hafiz Arzmi

Journal: Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins 2023;15(5):1298-1311

PMID: 36048406

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Abstract

Oral carcinogenesis is preceded by oral diseases associated with inflammation such as periodontitis and oral candidiasis, which are contributed by chronic alcoholism, smoking, poor oral hygiene, and microbial infections. Dysbiosis is an imbalance of microbial composition due to oral infection, which has been reported to contribute to oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, in this review, we summarised the role of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in promoting a balanced oral microbiome, which may prevent oral carcinogenesis due to oral infections. Probiotics have been shown to produce biofilm, which possesses antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. Meanwhile, prebiotics can support growth and increase the benefit of probiotics. In addition, postbiotics possess antibacterial, anticariogenic, and anticancer properties that potentially aid in oral cancer prevention and treatment. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics for oral cancer management is still limited despite their vast potential, thus, discovering their prospects could herald a novel approach to disease prevention and treatment while participating in combating antimicrobial resistance.

Address: Cluster of Cancer Research Initiative IIUM (COCRII), International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.; Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.; Cluster of Cancer Research Initiative IIUM (COCRII), International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.; Jardin Pharma Berhad, Sunway Subang Business Park, Selangor, 40150, Shah Alam, Malaysia.; Department of Diagnostic Craniofacial and Bioscience, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.; Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3055, Australia.; Cluster of Cancer Research Initiative IIUM (COCRII), International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. [email protected].; Jardin Pharma Berhad, Sunway Subang Business Park, Selangor, 40150, Shah Alam, Malaysia. [email protected].; Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. [email protected].

DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09985-7

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https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09985-7

MeSH Terms: Humans, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Probiotics, Mouth Neoplasms, Carcinogenesis