Blood-based biomarkers for the prediction of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mark Jansen, Sila Algül, Laurens P Bosman, Michelle Michels, Jolanda van der Velden, Rudolf A de Boer, J Peter van Tintelen, Folkert W Asselbergs, Annette F Baas

Journal: ESC heart failure 2022;9(5):3418-3434

PMID: 35842920

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Abstract

AIMS

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent monogenic heart disease. HCM is an important cause of sudden cardiac death and may also lead to outflow tract obstruction and heart failure. Disease severity is highly variable and risk stratification remains limited. Therefore, we aimed to review current knowledge of prognostic blood-based biomarkers in HCM.

METHODS AND RESULTS

A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library to identify studies assessing plasma or serum biomarkers for outcomes involving malignant ventricular arrhythmia, outflow tract obstruction, and heart failure. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIPS tool. Meta-analyses were performed using the random effects method. A total of 26 unique cohort studies assessing 42 biomarkers were identified. Overall risk of bias was moderate. Thirty-two biomarkers were significantly associated to an HCM outcome in at least one study (nine biomarkers in at least two studies). In pooled analyses, cardiovascular mortality was predicted by N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (hazard ratio [HR] 5.38 per log[pg/mL], 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07-14.03, P < 0.001, I = 0%) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HR 1.30 per μg/mL, 95% CI 1.00-1.68, P = 0.05, I = 78%), all-cause mortality by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 0.63 per μmol/mL, 95% CI 0.49-0.80, P < 0.001, I = 0%), and a combined congestive heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmia, and stroke outcome by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (pooled HR 4.19 for ≥0.014 ng/mL, 95% CI 2.22-7.88, P < 0.001, I = 0%). Quality of evidence was low-moderate.

CONCLUSIONS

Several blood-based biomarkers were identified as predictors of HCM outcomes. Additional studies are required to validate their prognostic utility within current risk stratification models.

Address: Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.; Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14073

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https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html

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https://antibodies.cancer.gov/detail/CPTC-CRP-1

MeSH Terms: Humans, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Biomarkers, Heart Failure