Nanoparticles in clinical trials of COVID-19: An update.

Abdur Rauf, Tareq Abu-Izneid, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Nabia Hafeez, Ahmed Olatunde, Mominur Rahman, Prabhakar Semwal, Yahya Saleh Al-Awthan, Omar Salem Bahattab, Ishaq N Khan, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Rohit Sharma

Journal: International journal of surgery (London, England) 2022;104():106818

PMID: 35953020

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Abstract

Once the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19) outbreak to be pandemic, massive efforts have been launched by researchers around the globe to combat this emerging infectious disease. Strategies that must be investigated such as expanding testing capabilities, developing effective medicines, as well as developing safe and effective vaccines for COVID-19 disease that produce long-lasting immunity to human system. Now-a-days, bio-sensing, medication delivery, imaging, and antimicrobial treatment are just a few of the medical applications for nanoparticles (NPs). Since the early 1990s, nanoparticle drug delivery methods have been employed in clinical trials. Since then, the discipline of nanomedicine has evolved in tandem with expanding technological demands to better medicinal delivery. Newer generations of NPs have emerged in recent decades that are capable of performing additional delivery tasks, allowing for therapy via novel therapeutic modalities. Many of these next generation NPs and associated products have entered clinical trials and have been approved for diverse indications in the present clinical environment. For systemic applications, NPs or nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems have substantial benefits over their non-formulated and free drug counterparts. Nanoparticle systems, for example, are capable of delivering medicines and treating parts of the body that are inaccessible to existing delivery systems. As a result, NPs medication delivery is one of the most studied preclinical and clinical systems. NPs-based vaccines delivering SARS-CoV-2 antigens will play an increasingly important role in prolonging or improving COVID-19 vaccination outcomes. This review provides insights about employing NPs-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of COVID-19 to increase the bioavailability of current drugs, reducing their toxicity, and to increase their efficiency. This article also exhibits their capability and efficacy, and highlighting the future aspects and challenges on nanoparticle products in clinical trials of COVID-19.

Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Electronic address: [email protected].; Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University for Science and Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.; University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.; Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-KPK, 25120, KPK, Pakistan.; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria.; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India.; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan.; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.; Department of Rasa Shastra &Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106818