Linoleic Acid-Rich Oil Alters Circulating Cardiolipin Species and Fatty Acid Composition in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rachel M Cole, Austin Angelotti, Genevieve C Sparagna, Ai Ni, Martha A Belury

Journal: Molecular nutrition & food research 2022;66(15):e2101132

PMID: 35596730

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Plain Language Summary

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is associated with reduced cardiometabolic disease risk. In addition, higher linoleic acid (LA) biomarkers have been associated with a reduced risk for cardiometabolic diseases and conditions. The main aim of this study was to determine whether a modest addition of an oil rich in LA could change the LA content in plasma, erythrocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The secondary aim was to determine if the LA-rich oil could alter cardiolipin species in PBMCs. This study is a randomised double-masked placebo-controlled study of 84 participants who were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: either the high-oleate-cookie (n = 42) or LA-cookie groups (n = 42). Results show that dietary supplementation with less than one serving of LA-rich oil per day increases LA in PBMC cardiolipin as well as LA levels. Authors conclude that patients with obesity, cardiometabolic disease, and other conditions related to mitochondrial dysfunction could be a future cohort that should be studied.

Abstract

SCOPE

Higher circulating linoleic acid (LA) and muscle-derived tetralinoleoyl-cardiolipin (LA CL) are each associated with decreased cardiometabolic disease risk. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs with low LA CL. Whether LA-rich oil fortification can increase LA CL in humans is unknown. The aims of this study are to determine whether dietary fortification with LA-rich oil for 2 weeks increases: 1) LA in plasma, erythrocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); and 2) LA CL in PBMC in adults.

METHODS AND RESULTS

In this randomized controlled trial, adults are instructed to consume one cookie per day delivering 10 g grapeseed (LA-cookie, N = 42) or high oleate (OA) safflower (OA-cookie, N = 42) oil. In the LA-cookie group, LA increases in plasma, erythrocyte, and PBMC by 6%, 7%, and 10% respectively. PBMC and erythrocyte OA increase by 7% and 4% in the OA-cookie group but is unchanged in the plasma. PBMC LA CL increases (5%) while LA OA CL decreases (7%) in the LA-cookie group but are unaltered in the OA-cookie group.

CONCLUSIONS

LA-rich oil fortification increases while OA-oil has no effect on LA CL in adults. Because LA-rich oil fortification reduces cardiometabolic disease risk and increases LA CL, determining whether mitochondrial dysfunction is repaired through dietary fortification is warranted.

Address: Program of Human Nutrition, The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.; Division of Cardiology, The Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.; Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101132