Cruciferous Vegetable Intake and Bulky DNA Damage within Non-Smokers and Former Smokers in the Gen-Air Study (EPIC Cohort).

Elom Aglago, Carlotta Sacerdote, Paolo Vineis, Lorenzo Milani, Fulvio Ricceri, Rudolf Kaaks, Verena Katzke, Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco, Lluís Cirera, Anne Tjønneland, Kristina Elin Nielsen Petersen, Salvatore Panico, Antonio Agudo, Marco Peluso, Alicia K Heath, Dagfinn Aune, Amiano Exezarreta Pilar, Calogero Saieva, Rosario Tumino, Elisabete Weiderpass, Matthias B Schulze, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Valeria Pala, Andrea Galli, Valentina Russo, Armelle Munnia

Journal: Nutrients 2022;14(12):2477

PMID: 35745207

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Abstract

Epidemiologic studies have indicated that cruciferous vegetables can influence the cancer risk; therefore, we examined with a cross-sectional approach the correlation between the frequent consumption of the total cruciferous vegetables and the formation of bulky DNA damage, a biomarker of carcinogen exposure and cancer risk, in the Gen-Air study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. DNA damage measurements were performed in the peripheral blood of 696 of those apparently healthy without cancer controls, including 379 never-smokers and 317 former smokers from seven European countries by the 32P-postlabeling assay. In the Gen-Air controls, the median intake of cruciferous vegetables was 6.16 (IQR 1.16−13.66) g/day, ranging from 0.37 (IQR 0−6.00) g/day in Spain to 11.34 (IQR 6.02−16.07) g/day in the UK. Based on this information, participants were grouped into: (a) high consumers (>20 g/day), (b) medium consumers (3−20 g/day) and (c) low consumers (<3.0 g/day). Overall, low cruciferous vegetable intake was correlated with a greater frequency of bulky DNA lesions, including benzo(a)pyrene, lactone and quinone-adducts and bulky oxidative lesions, in the adjusted models. Conversely, a high versus low intake of cruciferous vegetables was associated with a reduction in DNA damage (up to a 23% change, p = 0.032); this was particularly evident in former smokers (up to a 40% change, p = 0.008). The Generalized Linear Regression models indicated an overall Mean Ratio between the high and the low consumers of 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.64−0.97). The current study suggests that a higher intake of cruciferous vegetables is associated with a lower level of bulky DNA adducts and supports the potential for cancer prevention strategies through dietary habit changes aimed at increasing the consumption of cruciferous vegetables.

Address: Research Branch, Regional Cancer Prevention Laboratory, ISPRO-Study, Prevention and Oncology Network Institute, 50139 Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.; International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France.; Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUS, 97100 Ragusa, Italy.; Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, ISPRO-Study, Prevention and Oncology Network Institute, 50139 Florence, Italy.; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.; Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy.; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Cancer and Health, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council-IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain.; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28028 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Social and Health Sciences, Murcia University, 30100 Murcia, Spain.; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain.; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), 10126 Turin, Italy.; MRC Centre for Environment and Health School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonSt Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.

DOI: 10.3390/nu14122477

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MeSH Terms: Brassicaceae, DNA Damage, Diet, Dietary Fiber, Humans, Neoplasms, Non-Smokers, Prospective Studies, Smokers, Smoking, Vegetables