Clinical relevance of biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma: critical revision and future directions.

Rocio I R Macias, Vincenzo Cardinale, Timothy J Kendall, Matias A Avila, Maria Guido, Cedric Coulouarn, Chiara Braconi, Adam E Frampton, John Bridgewater, Diletta Overi, Stephen P Pereira, Marco Rengo, Jakob N Kather, Angela Lamarca, Federica Pedica, Alejandro Forner, Juan W Valle, Eugenio Gaudio, Domenico Alvaro, Jesus M Banales, Guido Carpino

Journal: Gut 2022;71(8):1669-1683

PMID: 35580963

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Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumour arising from the biliary system. In Europe, this tumour frequently presents as a sporadic cancer in patients without defined risk factors and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers represents an utmost need for patients with CCA. Numerous studies proposed a wide spectrum of biomarkers at tissue and molecular levels. With the present paper, a multidisciplinary group of experts within the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma discusses the clinical role of tissue biomarkers and provides a selection based on their current relevance and potential applications in the framework of CCA. Recent advances are proposed by dividing biomarkers based on their potential role in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy response. Limitations of current biomarkers are also identified, together with specific promising areas (ie, artificial intelligence, patient-derived organoids, targeted therapy) where research should be focused to develop future biomarkers.

Address: Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.; Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.; Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.; UMR_S 1242, COSS, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, INSERM University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.; Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK.; Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.; Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; Medical Oncology/Institute of Cancer Sciences, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.; BCLC group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona. IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain.; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy [email protected].

DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327099