Acanthoic acid, unique potential pimaradiene diterpene isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae): A review on its pharmacology, molecular mechanism, and structural modification.

Jia-Yi Dou, Yu-Chen Jiang, Zhen-Yu Cui, Li-Hua Lian, Ji-Xing Nan, Yan-Ling Wu

Journal: Phytochemistry 2022;200():113247

PMID: 35597316

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Abstract

Acanthoic acid (AA) is a pimaradiene diterpene isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae) with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, liver protection, gastrointestinal protection, and cardiovascular protection. In addition, AA promotes its pharmacological effects by targeting liver X receptors (LXRs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) signaling pathways, or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, etc. Also, some studies focus on the structural modification of AA to improve its pharmacological activities. The review summarizes the pharmacological activities, molecular mechanism, and the structural modification of AA, which might supply information for the development of AA in the future.

Address: Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China.; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China. Electronic address: [email protected].; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113247

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MeSH Terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Araliaceae, Diterpenes, Eleutherococcus, NF-kappa B