Histidine-enhanced gene delivery systems: The state of the art.

Seyyed Emad Hooshmand, Makkieh Jahanpeimay Sabet, Akbar Hasanzadeh, Seyede Mahtab Kamrani Mousavi, Niloofar Haeri Moghaddam, Seyed Aghil Hooshmand, Navid Rabiee, Yong Liu, Michael R Hamblin, Mahdi Karimi

Journal: The journal of gene medicine 2022;24(5):e3415

PMID: 35132731

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Abstract

Gene therapy has emerged as a promising tool for treating different intractable diseases, particularly cancer or even viral diseases such as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). In this context, various non-viral gene carriers are being explored to transfer DNA or RNA sequences into target cells. Here, we review the applications of the naturally occurring amino acid histidine in the delivery of nucleic acids into cells. The biocompatibility of histidine-enhanced gene delivery systems has encouraged their wider use in gene therapy. Histidine-based gene carriers can involve the modification of peptides, dendrimers, lipids or nanocomposites. Several linear polymers, such as polyethylenimine, poly-l-lysine (synthetic) or dextran and chitosan (natural), have been conjugated with histidine residues to form complexes with nucleic acids for intracellular delivery. The challenges, opportunities and future research trends of histidine-based gene deliveries are investigated.

Address: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa.; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3415

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MeSH Terms: COVID-19, Gene Transfer Techniques, Histidine, Humans, Nucleic Acids, Transfection