Anthropometric Variables as Mediators of the Association of Changes in Diet and Physical Activity With Inflammatory Profile.

Lluis Serra-Majem, Helmut Schröder, Montserrat Fito, Hana Lancova, Andrés Díaz-López, Josep Vidal, J Alfredo Martínez, Ramón Estruch, Jadwiga Konieczna, Julia Warnberg, Camille Lassale, Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, María Grau, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes, Clotilde Vázquez, Josep A Tur, Xavier Pintó

Journal: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2022;76(11):2021-2029

PMID: 33693782

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Mechanisms underlying the associations of high levels of physical activity (PA) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with a better inflammatory profile remain unclear. Our objective was to assess the mediating role of changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), as markers of body fat in the association of changes in PA and adherence to the MedDiet, with changes in the inflammatory profile.

METHOD

This study included 489 adults, aged 55-75 years, from the PREDIMED-Plus multicenter lifestyle intervention trial. An inflammatory score was calculated, based on 8 blood biomarkers: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 18, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, C-peptide, leptin, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell-expressed and secreted chemokine. Biomarkers, levels of PA, score of MedDiet adherence, BMI, and WC were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Linear regression models were fitted according to the Baron and Kenny framework for mediation analysis.

RESULTS

Changes in BMI and WC mediated the association of both changes in PA and changes in the MedDiet adherence with the inflammatory score. Body mass index mediated 26% of the association of changes in total PA with the inflammatory profile, and 27% of the association of changes in the MedDiet, while WC mediated 13% and 12% of these associations, respectively.

CONCLUSION

In older adults at high cardiovascular risk, increasing PA levels and adherence to a MedDiet during 1 year were associated with a lower inflammatory score, which was partly mediated by a reduction in body fat.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN89898870; registration date July 24, 2014, retrospectively registered.

Address: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.; Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Spain.; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.; Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.; Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Spain.; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain.; Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.; Precision Nutrition Program on Cardiometabolic Health IMDEA CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD, University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain.; CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.; Department of Endocrinology, Institut d' Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain.; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.; Servicio Navarro de Salud (Osasunbidea), Pamplona, Spain.; Departament de Salut, CAP Angles de Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Generalitat de Catalunya, Girona, Spain.

DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab072

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MeSH Terms: Biomarkers, Diet, Mediterranean, Exercise, Humans, Life Style, Waist Circumference