Re-establishing the comprehension of phytomedicine and nanomedicine in inflammation-mediated cancer signaling.

Saurabh Kumar Jha, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Shreesh Ojha, Dhruv Kumar, Kamal Dua, Sachin Kumar Singh, Sabya Sachi Das, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Abhijit Dey, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Saniya Arfin, Niraj Kumar Jha, Janne Ruokolainen, Rohit Gundamaraju, Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid, Sugapriya Dhanasekaran, Rohan Kar, Ghulam Md Ashraf

Journal: Seminars in cancer biology 2022;86(Pt 2):1086-1104

PMID: 35218902

Free Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Recent mounting evidence has revealed extensive genetic heterogeneity within tumors that drive phenotypic variation affecting key cancer pathways, making cancer treatment extremely challenging. Diverse cancer types display resistance to treatment and show patterns of relapse following therapy. Therefore, efforts are required to address tumor heterogeneity by developing a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach that combines targeted therapies. Inflammation has been progressively documented as a vital factor in tumor advancement and has consequences in epigenetic variations that support tumor instigation, encouraging all the tumorigenesis phases. Increased DNA damage, disrupted DNA repair mechanisms, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and its incursion are a few pro-cancerous outcomes of chronic inflammation. A clear understanding of the cellular and molecular signaling mechanisms of tumor-endorsing inflammation is necessary for further expansion of anti-cancer therapeutics targeting the crosstalk between tumor development and inflammatory processes. Multiple inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, Wnt signaling cascade, and TGF-β/Smad signaling, have been found to regulate inflammation, which can be modulated using various factors such as small molecule inhibitors, phytochemicals, recombinant cytokines, and nanoparticles (NPs) in conjugation to phytochemicals to treat cancer. Researchers have identified multiple targets to specifically alter inflammation in cancer therapy to restrict malignant progression and improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. siRNA-and shRNA-loaded NPs have been observed to downregulate STAT3 signaling pathways and have been employed in studies to target tumor malignancies. This review highlights the pathways involved in the interaction between tumor advancement and inflammatory progression, along with the novel approaches of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems currently used to target inflammatory signaling pathways to combat cancer.

Address: Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India. Electronic address: [email protected].; Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sec 125, Noida 201303, India.; Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.; Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), Gujarat 380015, India.; Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.; ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia.; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Plot 32-34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, India.; Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, 835215 Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, India.; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.; Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.; Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland.; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegeof Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.; Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.022

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MeSH Terms: Humans, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Nanomedicine, Comprehension, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Signal Transduction, Inflammation