Comprehending the Role of Endocrine Disruptors in Inducing Epigenetic Toxicity.

Arikath Kirtana, Barathi Seetharaman

Journal: Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets 2022;22(11):1059-1072

PMID: 35410624

Abstract

Endocrine disruptors are natural or man-made chemicals that interfere with the body's endocrine system leading to hormone synthesis and production defects. These chemicals are categorized as plasticizers and cosmetic chemicals, heavy metals, phytoestrogens, pesticides, detergents, surfactants, and flame retardants. Some of the most common endocrine disruptors are dioxins, bisphenol A, phthalates, perchlorate, perfluoroalkyl, and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAs), phytoestrogens, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), triclosan, atrazine, lead, arsenic, mercury, organophosphate pesticides, and glycol ethers. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA regulation have been observed to play a major role in many diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, PCOS, cardiovascular diseases, and various other disorders. In recent times, there has been a focus on endocrine-disrupting chemicals in epigenetic alterations. This review concentrates on estrogen and androgen disrupting effects, placental, and fetal effects, thyroid disrupting effects, and transgenerational effects of endocrine disruptors.

Address: Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India.

DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220411082656

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MeSH Terms: Androgens, Arsenic, Atrazine, Detergents, Dioxins, Endocrine Disruptors, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Flame Retardants, Fluorocarbons, Glycols, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers, Humans, Mercury, MicroRNAs, Organophosphates, Perchlorates, Pesticides, Phytoestrogens, Placenta, Plasticizers, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Pregnancy, Triclosan