Endocrine Disorders with Parathyroid Hormone-Independent Hypercalcemia.

Jo Krogsgaard Simonsen, Lars Rejnmark

Journal: Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 2022;50(4):711-720

PMID: 34774242

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

The most common causes of hypercalcemia are primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy, constituting 80% to 90% of all cases. Although less common, several nonparathyroid endocrine disorders are associated with hypercalcemia. The most well described is hyperthyroidism, although the reported prevalence of hypercalcemia in hyperthyroid patients varies depending on applied method for measuring serum calcium levels. Also, adrenal insufficiency, pheochromocytoma, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are associated with hypercalcemia. These are differential diagnoses when assessing the hypercalcemic patient for whom common causes have been excluded. Further investigation is needed regarding hypothyroidism; acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, gonadal dysfunction, and diabetes are not associated with hyperthyroidism.

Address: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.07.002

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MeSH Terms: Calcium, Endocrine System Diseases, Humans, Hypercalcemia, Neoplasms, Parathyroid Hormone