Effects of calcium channel blockers on atherosclerosis: new insights.

Atherosclerotic disease is the most frequent cause of death in the western world. The key role of calcium ions in atherogenesis has created interest in the antiatherogenic potential of calcium channel blockers. Nifedipine, administered in a long-acting gastrointestinal transport system (GITS) formulation, was shown to have similar efficacy to the diuretic co-amilozide in the International Nifedipine GITS Study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT). Two side-arm studies of INSIGHT suggest that nifedipine GITS has a greater antiatherosclerotic effect than diuretic therapy, which may signal additional cardiovascular protection in the long term. This paper reviews the evidence for the antiatherogenic properties of calcium channel blockers and discusses their clinical implication.