European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part I: assessment.

Alexander Münchau, Danielle C Cath, Kirsten R Müller-Vahl, Tammy Hedderly, Zsanett Tarnok, Davide Martino, Tara L Murphy, Andrea Dietrich, Virginie Czernecki, Natalia Szejko, Jeremy Stern, Renata Rizzo, Martina Haas, Liselotte Skov, Nanette M Debes, Christos Ganos, Andreas Hartmann, Sally Robinson

Journal: European child & adolescent psychiatry 2022;31(3):383-402

PMID: 34661764

Abstract

In 2011 a working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) has developed the first European assessment guidelines for Tourette syndrome (TS). Now, we present an updated version 2.0 of these European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders, part I: assessment. Therefore, the available literature has been thoroughly screened, supplemented with national guidelines across countries and discussions among ESSTS experts. Diagnostic changes between DSM-IV and DSM-5 classifications were taken into account and new information has been added regarding differential diagnoses, with an emphasis on functional movement disorders in both children and adults. Further, recommendations regarding rating scales to evaluate tics, comorbidities, and neuropsychological status are provided. Finally, results from a recently performed survey among ESSTS members on assessment in TS are described. We acknowledge that the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is still the gold standard for assessing tics. Recommendations are provided for scales for the assessment of tics and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with TS not only in routine clinical practice, but also in the context of clinical research. Furthermore, assessments supporting the differential diagnosis process are given as well as tests to analyse cognitive abilities, emotional functions and motor skills.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Address: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.; Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA.; Tic and Neurodevelopmental Movements Service (TANDeM), Children's Neurosciences Centre, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Department of Neurology, Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.; Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Paediatric Department, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.; Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.; Department of Neurology, St George's Hospital, St George's University of London, London, UK.; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Tic Disorder Clinic, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.; Vadaskert Child Psychiatry Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Rijks Universiteit Groningen, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institution, Hanzeplein 1, Assen, 9713, Groningen, The Netherlands. [email protected].
Bant logo

© Copyright 2026, Nutrition Evidence

NED wishes to thank the following organisations for their support:

We use cookies to improve your experience and analyze site traffic with Google Analytics. By continuing to use our site, you agree to our use of cookies. Learn more.