Cognitive function in binge eating disorder and food addiction: A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.

Sylvain Iceta, Christopher Rodrigue, Maxime Legendre, Justine Daoust, Valentin Flaudias, Andreanne Michaud, Catherine Bégin

Journal: Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 2022;111():110400

PMID: 34256024

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

An extensive body of recent research has focused on the contribution of cognitive functioning to eating behaviors. In binge eating disorder (BED) and food addiction (FA), the extent of cognitive impairment is still unclear. This study aimed to characterize, among those with BED and FA, neurocognitive functions using performances based on neuropsychological tasks in the context of neutral stimuli in adults.

METHOD

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and gray literature (ProQuest and OpenGrey) were used to identify studies that reported neurocognitive assessments in BED or FA up to December 2019. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted.

RESULTS

A significant overall effect was found for global cognitive impairments, suggesting that individuals with BED or FA have poorer performances when completing cognitive tasks. Analyses for specific cognitive domains revealed that individuals with BED showed poorer performances at tasks assessing cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, attention and planning. Analyses regarding FA were inconclusive due to a lack of studies. Thus, the results were described qualitatively.

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis highlighted the cognitive weaknesses that seem to come with BED and the necessity to integrate them in the assessment and treatment of this condition. It also stressed the lack of quality studies surrounding the cognitive features of FA.

Published by Elsevier Inc.

Address: Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Integrated Center of Obesity, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, France; CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Electronic address: [email protected].; School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].; School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].; Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].; Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280 Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: [email protected].; Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].; School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110400

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MeSH Terms: Binge-Eating Disorder, Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction, Executive Function, Feeding Behavior, Food Addiction, Humans