Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Jennifer Duchon, Maria E Barbian, Patricia W Denning

Journal: Clinics in perinatology 2021;48(2):229-250

PMID: 34030811

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Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease affecting premature infants. Intestinal microbial composition may play a key role in determining which infants are predisposed to NEC and when infants are at highest risk of developing NEC. It is unclear how to optimize antibiotic therapy in preterm infants to prevent NEC and how to optimize antibiotic regimens to treat neonates with NEC. This article discusses risk factors for NEC, how dysbiosis in preterm infants plays a role in the pathogenesis of NEC, and how probiotic and antibiotic therapy may be used to prevent and/or treat NEC and its sequelae.

Address: Division of Newborn Medicine, Jack and Lucy Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1000 10th Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA.; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive Northeast, 3rd Floor, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University Hospital Midtown, 550 Peachtree Street, 3rd Floor MOT, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2021.03.002

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MeSH Terms: Dysbiosis, Enterocolitis, Necrotizing, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Probiotics