Diseases of the corneal endothelium.

Lauren J Jeang, Curtis E Margo, Edgar M Espana

Journal: Experimental eye research 2021;205():108495

PMID: 33596440

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Abstract

The corneal endothelial monolayer and associated Descemet's membrane (DM) complex is a unique structure that plays an essential role in corneal function. Endothelial cells are neural crest derived cells that rest on a special extracellular matrix and play a major role in maintaining stromal hydration within a narrow physiologic range necessary for clear vision. A number of diseases affect the endothelial cells and DM complex and can impair corneal function and vision. This review addresses different human corneal endothelial diseases characterized by loss of endothelial function including: Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD), congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED), bullous keratopathy, iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, post-traumatic fibrous downgrowth, glaucoma and diabetes mellitus.

Address: Cornea, External Disease and Refractive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; Cornea, External Disease and Refractive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology and University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; Cornea, External Disease and Refractive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108495

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MeSH Terms: Blister, Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary, Corneal Edema, Corneal Stroma, Endothelium, Corneal, Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy, Humans, Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome, Vision Disorders