Effects of supplementation on the gut microbiota in extremely preterm infants in a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Magalí Martí, Johanne E Spreckels, Purnika Damindi Ranasinghe, Erik Wejryd, Giovanna Marchini, Eva Sverremark-Ekström, Maria C Jenmalm, Thomas Abrahamsson

Journal: Cell reports. Medicine 2022;2(3):100206

PMID: 33763652

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Abstract

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants often develop an altered gut microbiota composition, which is related to clinical complications, such as necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. Probiotic supplementation may reduce these complications, and modulation of the gut microbiome is a potential mechanism underlying the probiotic effectiveness. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the effect of supplementation, from birth to post-menstrual week (PMW)36, on infant gut microbiota. We performed 16S amplicon sequencing in 558 stool samples from 132 ELBW preterm infants at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, PMW36, and 2 years. Probiotic supplementation results in increased bacterial diversity and increased abundance during the 1 month. At 1 week, probiotic supplementation also results in a lower abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae. No effects were found at 2 years. In conclusion, probiotics may exert benefits by modulating the gut microbiota composition during the 1 month in ELBW infants.

Address: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.; Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.; Department of Paediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.; Department of Neonatology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100206

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MeSH Terms: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Biodiversity, Dietary Supplements, Feces, Female, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Infant, Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight, Infant, Extremely Premature, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Male, Probiotics, Proteobacteria, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Verrucomicrobia