Starch Digestion-Related Amylase Genetic Variants, Diet, and Changes in Adiposity: Analyses in Prospective Cohort Studies and a Randomized Dietary Intervention.

Yoriko Heianza, Tao Zhou, Chen Yuhang, Tao Huang, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu, George A Bray, Frank M Sacks, Lu Qi

Journal: Diabetes 2021;69(9):1917-1926

PMID: 32493715

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Abstract

Salivary amylase, encoded by the gene, is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates. We investigated associations of genetic variations with general and central adiposity changes considering dietary carbohydrate intake among 32,054 adults from four prospective cohort studies. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms, with higher AMY1-GRS indicating higher activity of salivary amylase. We meta-analyzed interactions between AMY1-GRS and dietary intake for changes in general and central adiposity over 5.5-10 years. We found that carbohydrate food intake significantly altered associations of AMY1-GRS with changes in BMI ( = 0.001) and waist circumference ( < 0.001). Results were consistent and significant in female cohorts rather than in male cohorts. Among women, higher AMY1-GRS was associated with more increases in adiposity if dietary carbohydrate food intake was high, while higher AMY1-GRS was associated with less gains in adiposity when the dietary intake was low. Also, in a 2-year randomized dietary intervention trial, associations of AMY1-GRS with changes in weight ( = 0.023) and waist circumference ( = 0.037) were significantly modified by carbohydrate intake. Our results suggest the importance of precision nutrition strategies considering participants' genetic adaptation to carbohydrate-rich diets in regulating general and central adiposity.

Address: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected].; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected].; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

DOI: 10.2337/db19-1257

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MeSH Terms: Adiposity, Body Mass Index, Diet, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Salivary alpha-Amylases, Treatment Outcome, Waist Circumference