The roles of lipids in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and the host immune response.

Katherine N Theken, Soon Yew Tang, Shaon Sengupta, Garret A FitzGerald

Journal: Journal of lipid research 2022;62():100129

PMID: 34599996

Free Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

The significant morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has underscored the need for novel antiviral strategies. Lipids play essential roles in the viral life cycle. The lipid composition of cell membranes can influence viral entry by mediating fusion or affecting receptor conformation. Upon infection, viruses can reprogram cellular metabolism to remodel lipid membranes and fuel the production of new virions. Furthermore, several classes of lipid mediators, including eicosanoids and sphingolipids, can regulate the host immune response to viral infection. Here, we summarize the existing literature on the mechanisms through which these lipid mediators may regulate viral burden in COVID-19. Furthermore, we define the gaps in knowledge and identify the core areas in which lipids offer therapeutic promise for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Address: Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Oral Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100129

Link outs

Free resources

Full Text Sources:

Medical:

https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2...

Other Literature Sources:

https://www.lens.org/lens/search/patent/list?q=ref...

Miscellaneous:

https://assays.cancer.gov/CPTAC-438

MeSH Terms: COVID-19, Cell Membrane, Eicosanoids, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Sphingolipids, Virus Replication