Impact of the intestinal environment on the immune responses to vaccination.

Koji Hosomi, Jun Kunisawa

Journal: Vaccine 2021;38(44):6959-6965

PMID: 32933791

Free Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Vaccination has contributed greatly to the control of infectious diseases; however, regional and individual differences are occasionally observed in the efficacy of vaccination. As one explanation for these differences, much attention has focused on the intestinal environment constructed by the interaction of diet and the gut microbiota. The intestinal environment has several physiological effects on the host immune system, both locally and systemically, and consequently influences the efficacy of vaccination. In this review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiota and dietary nutrients on systemic and oral vaccination as well as their applications in various strategies for immunoregulation, including use as vaccine adjuvants. This information could contribute to establishing methods of personalized vaccination that would optimize host immunity by changing the gut environment to maximize vaccine effects.

Address: Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Japan. Electronic address: [email protected].; Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Density, Osaka University, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Japan; Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Japan. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.079