Fruit and vegetable consumption among South Asians: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ranil Jayawardena, Dhanushya T Jeyakumar, Manoja Gamage, Piumika Sooriyaarachchi, Andrew P Hills

Journal: Diabetes & metabolic syndrome 2021;14(6):1791-1800

PMID: 32947110

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Low consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, especially among South Asians. The aim of our study was to systematically review data published on fruit and vegetable intake among South Asian countries.

METHODS

This review included 43 studies conducted from December 1999 to 2019 among South Asians. Literature searching was undertaken in PubMed® database and World Health Organization website. The main outcomes were pooled using random effect meta-analysis.

RESULTS

The highest fruit consumption by both men and women (2.4 servings/day) was found in Bhutan (2004) while the lowest reports (0.43 servings/day) were from Sri Lanka (2011) and Bangladesh (2002). With regard to vegetable consumption, Indians (2007) had the lowest reported intake (0.9 servings/day), while the highest value, 3.8 servings/day, was reported in Bhutanese adults (2014). When both intakes were considered, the highest (4.28; 95% CI, 4.02 to 4.55; p=0.15; I=51%, p<0.001) and the lowest (1.83; 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.25; p<0.001; I=100%, p<0.001) pooled mean values, were attained for Bhutan and Bangladesh, respectively. The highest percentage of respondents (86.2%) achieved the World Health Organization recommendation of five fruit and vegetables (400 g) per day in Afghanistan (2013) whereas the lowest (0%) reported in Bangladesh (2005).

CONCLUSIONS

Residents of almost all South Asian countries appear to consume extremely low quantities of fruit and vegetables, lower than the World Health Organization recommendation. Hence, immediate initiatives should be implemented to enhance the intake of fruit and vegetables across the region.

Address: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].; Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; Diabetes Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.004

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MeSH Terms: Feeding Behavior, Fruit, Humans, Noncommunicable Diseases, Vegetables, World Health Organization