Approach to Electrolyte Abnormalities, Prerenal Azotemia, and Fluid Balance.

Lisa C Martinez, Sana F Khan, Brendan T Bowman

Journal: Primary care 2021;47(4):555-569

PMID: 33121628

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Volume and electrolyte evaluation and management is seen frequently in primary care practices. Some of the most common abnormalities encountered in outpatient practices are prerenal azotemia, dysnatremias, and altered potassium levels. Perturbations in volume or electrolyte concentrations can lead to serious organ dysfunction as well as hemodynamic collapse. This review focuses on the maintenance and regulation of intravascular volume and electrolytes, specifically sodium and potassium.

Address: Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].; University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2020.07.001

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MeSH Terms: Azotemia, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Body Water, Creatinine, Humans, Hyperkalemia, Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia, Kidney, Primary Health Care, Water-Electrolyte Imbalance