Impact of diet and the bacterial microbiome on the mucous barrier and immune disorders.

Charlotte A Alemao, Kurtis F Budden, Henry M Gomez, Saima F Rehman, Jacqueline E Marshall, Shakti D Shukla, Chantal Donovan, Samuel C Forster, Ian A Yang, Simon Keely, Elizabeth R Mann, Emad M El Omar, Gabrielle T Belz, Philip M Hansbro

Journal: Allergy 2021;76(3):714-734

PMID: 32762040

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Abstract

The prevalence of chronic immune and metabolic disorders is increasing rapidly. In particular, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have become major healthcare and economic burdens worldwide. Recent advances in microbiome research have led to significant discoveries of associative links between alterations in the microbiome and health, as well as these chronic supposedly noncommunicable, immune/metabolic disorders. Importantly, the interplay between diet, microbiome and the mucous barrier in these diseases has gained significant attention. Diet modulates the mucous barrier via alterations in gut microbiota, resulting in either disease onset/exacerbation due to a "poor" diet or protection against disease with a "healthy" diet. In addition, many mucosa-associated disorders possess a specific gut microbiome fingerprint associated with the composition of the mucous barrier, which is further influenced by host-microbiome and inter-microbial interactions, dietary choices, microbe immigration and antimicrobials. Our review focuses on the interactions of diet (macronutrients and micronutrients), gut microbiota and mucous barriers (gastrointestinal and respiratory tract) and their importance in the onset and/or progression of major immune/metabolic disorders. We also highlight the key mechanisms that could be targeted therapeutically to prevent and/or treat these disorders.

Address: Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.; The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.; Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.; Thoracic Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; Faculty of Medicine, UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; St George & Sutherland Clinical School, Microbiome Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.; Department of Medical Biology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

DOI: 10.1111/all.14548

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MeSH Terms: Diet, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gastrointestinal Tract, Humans, Immune System Diseases, Microbiota