Pseudomonas karstica sp. nov. and Pseudomonas spelaei sp. nov., isolated from calcite moonmilk deposits from caves.

A taxonomic study of two fluorescent Pseudomonas strains (HJ/4^T and SJ/9/1^T) isolated from calcite moonmilk samples obtained from two caves in the Moravian Karst in the Czech Republic was carried out. Results of initial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis assigned both strains into the genus Pseudomonas and showed Pseudomonas yamanorum 8H1^T as their closest neighbour with 99.8 and 99.7 % 16S rRNA gene similarities to strains HJ/4^T and SJ/9/1^T, respectively. Subsequent sequence analysis of rpoD, rpoB and gyrB housekeeping genes confirmed the highest similarity of both isolates to P. yamanorum 8H1^T, but phylogeny and sequences similarities implied that they are representatives of two novel species within the genus Pseudomonas. Further study comprising whole-genome sequencing followed by average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization calculations, repetitive sequence-based PCR fingerprinting with the REP and ERIC primers, automated ribotyping with the EcoRI restriction endonuclease, cellular fatty acid analysis, quinone and polar lipid characterization, and extensive biotyping confirmed clear separation of both analysed strains from the remaining Pseudomonas species and showed that they represent two novel species within the genus Pseudomonas for which the names Pseudomonas karstica sp. nov. (type strain HJ/4^T=CCM 7891^T=LMG 27930^T) and Pseudomonas spelaei sp. nov. (type strain SJ/9/1^T=CCM 7893^T=LMG 27931^T) are suggested.