Effects of Auricular Acupressure in Patients on Hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND

Although studies on the effectiveness of self-management in limiting fluid intake in patients on hemodialysis have been conducted extensively, xerostomia, which is a powerful stimulus of fluid intake, has received scarce attention.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week auricular acupressure treatment on xerostomia, salivary flow rate, interdialytic weight gain, constipation, and diet-related quality of life in patients on hemodialysis in Korea.

METHODS

This was a randomized controlled trial. Sixty patients on hemodialysis were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). The experimental group received an auricular acupressure intervention, which included the application of skin tape with a Semen vaccariae seed on the five auricular acupoints, including the large intestine (CO7), San Jiao (CO17), middle triangular fossa (TF3), spleen (CO13), and upper tragus (TG1), for 4 weeks. The control group received only the application of skin tape without a seed on the same auricular acupoints for the same period. The outcome variables were as follows: xerostomia, measured using the visual analog scale; salivary flow rate, measured using the unstimulated whole saliva absorbed in oral cotton; interdialytic weight gain; the constipation assessment scale score; and the Quality of Life Related to Dietary Change Questionnaire results.

RESULTS

The experimental group scored significantly better than the control group in terms of xerostomia (p = .004), salivary flow rate (p = .010), constipation (p = .009), and diet-related quality of life (p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Auricular acupressure may be an important tool for alleviating the negative symptoms of xerostomia and for improving quality of life in patients on hemodialysis. Nurses caring for patients on hemodialysis with both xerostomia and constipation may teach auricular acupressure to help patients self-manage their discomfort.