A review on the origin of multidrug-resistant Salmonella and perspective of tailored phoP gene towards avirulence.

Balasubramani Gangathraprabhu, Suganya Kannan, Geethanjali Santhanam, Nagaraja Suryadevara, Murugan Maruthamuthu

Journal: Microbial pathogenesis 2021;147():104352

PMID: 32592823

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

Salmonellosis continues to remain a health problem as the causative organism Salmonella spp. developed resistance to many of the antibiotics. As per World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that enteric fever, accounts for almost 16 million cases annually and over 600,000 deaths worldwide. Recent data revealed that the multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate of enteric fever was as high as 70% in Asian countries, as compared with the overall reported incidence of 50%. Emergence of MDR typhoid fever demands the use of newer antibiotics which also not offer promising effect in recent days. Effective antimicrobial therapy is required to control morbidity and prevent death from typhoid fever. The studies on PhoP/Q regulation revealed it as a best-characterized transcriptional regulation; a two-component system required for Salmonella pathogenesis which controls the expression of more than 40 genes. The PhoP DNA binding proteins possess positively charged amino acids such as arginine, lysine and histidine which present in the DNA binding site. Prevention of PhoP binding in phoP box may ultimately prevent the expression of many regulatory mechanism which plays vital role in Salmonella virulence. Deepness study of PhoP protein and various mutation swots may offer effectual controlling of MDR Salmonella.

Address: Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamilnadu, India.; Central Research laboratory, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Vinayaka Missions Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India.; Department of Home Science, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamilnadu, India.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, 42610, Selangor Dahrul Ehsan, Malaysia.; Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104352