Does connectedness to nature improve the eating behaviours of pre-schoolers? Emerging evidence from the Play&Grow randomised controlled trial in Hong Kong.

Tanja Sobko, Gavin T L Brown, Will H G Cheng

Journal: Appetite 2021;154():104781

PMID: 32615145

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Nature-based interventions, which focus on outdoor play, mental health, and self-directed autonomous play, are becoming popular in promoting well-being. The objective of this study was to test whether connecting to nature would contribute to better feeding and eating habits in families with pre-schoolers.

METHODS

241 families with children aged two to five were randomly assigned to the Intervention (IG) and Control Groups (CG). IG received 10 sessions of a family-based programme, which included a novel Connectedness to Nature (CN) element. CG received only the government's health recommendations. The effectiveness of the intervention's primary outcomes (CN, eating/feeding behaviours) was analysed by a repeated measures structural equation model with intervention status as a causal predictor.

RESULTS

204 families (IG, n = 120; CG, n = 84) completed the measurements before and after the trial. The intervention had a medium effect on caregivers' CN (f = 0.16, (95%CI = 0.06, 0.30)) and a large effect on children's CN (f = 0.58, (95%CI = 0.36, 0.89)). In the IG, children's CN strongly predicted caregivers' feeding style (β = 0.48 (p < .01, 95%CI = 0.14, 0.83)) and moderately, children's eating behaviours (β = 0.21 (p = .16, 95%CI = -0.09, 0.52)). This produced a positive trend for greater vegetable consumption in the IG compared to the CG (β = 0.20 (95%CI = 0.01, 0.39) vs. β = -0.05, (95%CI = -0.18, 0.08)). Interestingly, the path values in the CG significantly reflected the traditional pattern, (e.g., parental feeding style strongly influenced children's eating behaviour (β = 0.33, p = .001, 95%CI = 0.13, 0.54).

CONCLUSIONS

The Play&Grow intervention positively increased caregivers' and children's CN. It also improved eating behaviors in children independent of their caregivers' feeding style. This may indicate a higher degree of autonomy in children's eating behaviour if they are exposed to nature. Further research should test the CN component in promotion of healthy eating in pre-schoolers.

Address: School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: [email protected].; Quantitative Data Analysis and Research Unit, Faculty of Education & Social Work, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104781