Circadian regulation of appetite and time restricted feeding.

Amanda J Page, Stewart Christie, Erin Symonds, Hui Li

Journal: Physiology & behavior 2021;220():112873

PMID: 32194073

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

The circadian system plays an important role in the temporal regulation of metabolic processes as well as food intake to ensure energy efficiency. The 'master' clock is located within the superchiasmatic nucleus and receives input from the retina so that it can be entrained by the light:dark cycle. In turn, the master clock entrains other clocks in the central nervous system, including areas involved in energy homeostasis such as the arcuate nucleus, and the periphery (e.g. adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract). This master clock is reinforced by other zeitgebers such as the timing of food intake and activity. If these zeitgebers desynchronise, such as occurs in high fat diet-induced obesity or shift work conditions, it can lead to a misalignment of circadian clocks, disruption of metabolic processes and the development of metabolic disorders. The timing of food intake is a strong zeitgeber, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore time restricted feeding offers potential for the treatment of diet and shift work induced metabolic disorders. This review will focus on the role of the circadian system in food intake regulation and the effect of environment factors, such as high fat diet feeding or shift work, on the temporal regulation of food intake along with the benefits of time restricted feeding.

Address: Vagal Afferent Research Group and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].; Vagal Afferent Research Group and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.; Bowel Health Service, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.; Vagal Afferent Research Group and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.

DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112873

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MeSH Terms: Appetite, Circadian Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, Fasting, Feeding Behavior