The effects of cashew nut intake on lipid profile and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Mohammad Jalali, Malihe Karamizadeh, Gordon A Ferns, Morteza Zare, Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian, Marzieh Akbarzadeh

Journal: Complementary therapies in medicine 2020;50():102387

PMID: 32444052

Full Text on Elsevier Science View on PubMed

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Dyslipidemia and hypertension are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some studies have suggested that the consumption of nuts may reduce CVD risk.

OBJECTIVE

The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy of cashew nut consumption on lipid profile and blood pressure.

METHODS

PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify randomized control trials (RCTs) examining the effects of cashew nut intake on serum triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), serum total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) until 15 November 2019. A random-effects model was used to pool weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Potential publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of each individual study on the pooled results.

RESULTS

A meta-analysis on 392 participants showed that cashew nut consumption had no significant effects on lipid profile and DBP. However, there was a significant reduction in SBP (WMD = -3.39, 95 % CI = [-6.13, -0.65], P = 0.01, I = 0.0 %) in the group receiving cashew nut compared to the controls. There was no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis. A sensitivity analysis showed that omitting each study did not change the significance of results.

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis demonstrated that cashew nut consumption might reduce SBP but has no effects on lipid profile and DBP.

Address: Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK.; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: [email protected].

DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102387

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MeSH Terms: Anacardium, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Lipids, Nuts, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic