The Evolving Microbiome from Pregnancy to Early Infancy: A Comprehensive Review.

Dolores Gómez Roig, Fernando Cabañas, Cristina Calvo, Elvira Larqué Daza, María Gormaz, Máximo Vento, Miguel Saenz de Pipaon, Carmen Pallás-Alonso, Rosa Aras, Jesús López-Herce, Isabel Iglesias-Platas, Sebastian Sailer, Jordi Clotet, Vicente Andreu-Fernández, Myriam Perez Gruz, María Dolores Mesa, Gerardo Rodriguez Martinez, María Sánchez-Campillo, Anna Parra-Llorca, Diana Escuder-Vieco, Leopoldo Martinez, Talia Sainz, Mª Jesús Cabero Perez, María José Solana, Oscar García Algar, Elisa Llurba Olivé, Sergi Fernandez Gonzalez, Iris Iglesia, Begoña Loureiro

Journal: Nutrients 2020;12(1):133

PMID: 31906588

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Abstract

Pregnancy induces a number of immunological, hormonal, and metabolic changes that are necessary for the mother to adapt her body to this new physiological situation. The microbiome of the mother, the placenta and the fetus influence the fetus growth and undoubtedly plays a major role in the adequate development of the newborn infant. Hence, the microbiome modulates the inflammatory mechanisms related to physiological and pathological processes that are involved in the perinatal progress through different mechanisms. The present review summarizes the actual knowledge related to physiological changes in the microbiota occurring in the mother, the fetus, and the child, both during neonatal period and beyond. In addition, we approach some specific pathological situations during the perinatal periods, as well as the influence of the type of delivery and feeding.

Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.; ibs.GRANADA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.; Neonatology Unit, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.; BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Deu and Hospital Clínic), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, High Risk Unit, Sant Pau University Hospital, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.; Women and Perinatal Health Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Sant Pau University Hospital, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.; Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain.; Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Departamento de Salud Pública y Materno infantil, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.; Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, 39008 Cantabria, Spain.; Servicio de Pediatría, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Hospital la Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain.; Red de investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain.; Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain.; Donated Milk Bank, Health Research Institute i + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.; Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.; Neonatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Neonatology La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain.; European Network of Excellence for Pediatric Clinical Research, 27100 Bari, Italy.; Department of Paediatrics-Neonatology Quironsalud, Madrid University Hospital and Biomedical Research Foundation-IDIPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain.

DOI: 10.3390/nu12010133

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MeSH Terms: Bacteria, Female, Fetus, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Microbiota, Placenta, Pregnancy